|
|
HOT TOPICS IN CARDIOLOGY: Issue 10, 2008
Clinical pharmacology of beta-blockers in cardiology: trial results and clinical applications
Clinical pharmacology of beta-blockers in cardiology: trial results and clinical applications
Philippe Lechat
Correspondence to:
Philippe Lechat - MD, PhD Professor of Pharmacology Head of Pharmacology Department Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Pierre et Marie Curie University of Paris, France E-mail: Philippe.LECHAT@afssaps.sante.fr
Summary
- MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ADRENERGIC BETA-RECEPTORS
- Alpha1-adrenoceptors
- Alpha2-adrenoceptors
- Beta-adrenergic receptors
- Beta1-adrenoceptor gene structure and polymorphisms
- Beta2-adrenoceptor gene structure and polymorphisms
- Beta3-adrenoceptor gene structure and polymorphisms
- Coupling of beta-adrenergic receptors and second messengers
- Desensitization process
- EFFECTS OF BETA-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION
- Cardiovascular effects of beta1-adrenergic receptor stimulation
- Cardiovascular effects of beta2-adrenergic receptor stimulation
- Noncardiovascular effects
- INTERACTIONS WITH BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS: AGONISTS, INVERSE AGONISTS, AND ANTAGONIST RELATIONSHIPS
- Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists
- Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists
- Surmountable versus insurmountable antagonism
- Inverse agonism
- BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
- Chemical structure
- Pharmacological properties
- Selectivity for beta1-adrenergic receptors
- Impact of selectivity on therapeutic efficacy and tolerance
- Impact on lung function
- Impact of smoking
- Impact of beta1 selectivity on metabolic effects
- Impact of beta1 selectivity on peripheral artery disease
- Impact of selectivity on coronary circulation
- Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
- Lipophilia
- Vasodilating properties
- CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS
- Cardiac effects
- Negative chronotropic effect
- Negative inotropic effect
- Negative dromotropic effect
- Negative bathmotropic effect
- Renin-release inhibition
- Metabolic effect
- Uterine activity
- Ocular effects
- Portal hypertension
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Tremor
- PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES
- Liposolubility
- Bioavailability
- Galenic formulation effects
- Food influence on bioavailability
- Distribution
- Crossing the blood-brain barrier
- Elimination processes: metabolism and excretion
- THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY AND BENEFIT-RISK PROFILES
- Clinical efficacy in coronary artery disease
- Antianginal action
- Beta-blocker efficacy in postmyocardial infarction
- Acute phase myocardial infarction trials
- Postmyocardial infarction secondary prevention: clinical studies
- Selectivity, or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
- Choice of patients for secondary prevention
- Therapeutic efficacy of beta-blockers in hypertension
- Mechanism of antihypertensive action
- Implication of the central nervous system
- Inhibition of sympathetic nervous activity
- Renin-blocking activity
- Cardiac output and peripheral cardiovascular mechanisms
- Antihypertensive effect
- Primary prevention in hypertension
- Beta-blocker treatment efficacy in heart failure
- Therapeutic efficacy: evidence from randomized trials
- Results on mortality
- Hospitalizations for heart failure worsening
- Mechanism of beta-blocker-induced benefit
- Beta-blocker therapeutic use
- Beta-blocker administration: therapeutic strategy, titration, and individual optimal dosing
- Chronic maintenance phase of beta-blocker treatment: therapeutic strategy during decompensation episodes and associated treatments
- TOLERANCE OF TREATMENT
- Exercise capacity and hemodynamic tolerance in coronary patients and in patients with heart failure
- Tolerance in hypertensive patients
- Adverse effects of beta-blockers on glucose and lipid metabolisms
- Tolerance in patients with diabetes
- Effects on lipid metabolism
- Beta-blockers and lung function
- Other beta-blocker-induced adverse effects
- REFERENCES
If you have a Username and Password, you may already access to this article. Please login below.
If you do not have a Username and Password, click the "Register" button below to purchase this article.
|
 |
|
|
|
No additional articles by this author(s) are available in our Series.
|
|
| |
|
|
|